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Test-driven verification/validation of model transformations

László LENGYEL,Hassan CHARAF

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第2期   页码 85-97 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400111

摘要： Why is it important to verify/validate model transformations? The motivation is to improve the quality of the transformations, and therefore the quality of the generated software artifacts. Verified/validated model transformations make it possible to ensure certain properties of the generated software artifacts. In this way, verification/validation methods can guarantee different requirements stated by the actual domain against the generated/modified/optimized software products. For example, a verified/validated model transformation can ensure the preservation of certain properties during the model-to-model transformation. This paper emphasizes the necessity of methods that make model transformation verified/validated, discusses the different scenarios of model transformation verification and validation, and introduces the principles of a novel test-driven method for verifying/validating model transformations. We provide a solution that makes it possible to automatically generate test input models for model transformations. Furthermore, we collect and discuss the actual open issues in the field of verification/validation of model transformations.

关键词： Graph rewriting based model transformations     Verification/validation     Test-driven verification    

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Large-scale model test study on the water pressure resistance of construction joints of karst tunnel

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1249-1263 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0974-x

摘要： Model tests and numerical calculations were adopted based on the New Yuanliangshan tunnel project to investigate the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints in high-pressure and water-rich karst tunnels. A large-scale model test was designed and conducted, innovatively transforming the external water pressure of the lining construction joint into internal water pressure. The effects of the embedded position and waterstop type on the water pressure resistance of the construction joint were analyzed, and the reliability of the model test was verified via numerical calculations. The results show that using waterstops can significantly improve the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints. The water pressure resistance of the lining construction joint is positively correlated with the lining thickness and embedded depth of the waterstop. In addition, the type of waterstop significantly influences the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints. The test results show that the water pressure resistance of the embedded transverse reinforced waterstop is similar to that of the steel plate waterstop, and both have more advantages than the rubber waterstop. The water pressure resistance of the construction joint determined via numerical calculations is similar to the model test results, indicating that the model test results have high accuracy and reliability. This study provides a reference for similar projects and has wide applications.

关键词： karst tunnel     lining construction joint     water pressure resistance     large-scale model test     numerical calculations    

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Evaluation of potential failure of rock slope at the left abutment of Jinsha River Bridge by model test

Zhiming ZHAO, Xihua WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 332-340 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0206-x

摘要： Jinsha River Bridge is located on Tiger Leaping Gorge town, China. The left bank slope composes of moderately thick layer of slate overlain by schistose basalt, and where rocks are controlled by two sets of joint planes. To evaluate the stability of the rock slope under bridge foundation, model test and calculation model based on the geological parameters and the slope stability was simulated and analyzed using Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) and Finite Element Mehod (FEM). According to model test, failure mainly initiated at the toe with shear movement along the joint planes, eventually resulting in the sliding along the slope surface and formation of tension crack at the crest of the model. This result coincide with the UDEC model, which shows that slope surface will produce loosening damage and slipping expected along the joint planes under different loading conditions. Moreover, the result of FEM analysis indicates that the rock mass under the main pier has potential shear failure region. So, the bridge foundation should be strengthened to prevent the slope failure under external forces.

关键词： slope stability     strength properties     model test     numerical analysis    

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Centrifuge model test and field measurement analysis for foundation pit with confined water

Chunlin DING , Xiaohong MENG ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 299-304 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0035-0

摘要： The similarity law of centrifuge test was developed for the seepage field and stress field of a foundation pit with confined water by analyzing control equations, and a similarity index and a similarity coefficient of centrifuge test were obtained. Based on the deep foundation pit of the Huangxing Road Station of the Shanghai metro line M8, the deformation stability of the pit was tested. Finally, a comparative study was conducted on the test results of the pit deformation and the field measurement results. Comparison results show that the pit deformation regularity of the test is basically identical with that of the field measurement, and the difference in pit deformation between the test and the field measurement is within 50%. The centrifuge model test can effectively simulate the displacement response of the ground and retaining structure during dewatering and excavation for the pit with confined water, which provides a reliable basis for the design and construction of the pit with confined water.

关键词： foundation pit with confined water     centrifuge model test     seepage-stress coupling field     similarity relation     field measurement     deformation    

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Model test and discrete element method simulation of shield tunneling face stability in transparent clay

Huayang LEI, Yajie ZHANG, Yao HU, Yingnan LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 147-166 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0704-6

摘要： The stability of the shield tunneling face is an extremely important factor affecting the safety of tunnel construction. In this study, a transparent clay with properties similar to those of Tianjin clay is prepared and a new transparent clay model test apparatus is developed to overcome the “black box” problem in the traditional model test. The stability of the shield tunneling face (failure mode, influence range, support force, and surface settlement) is investigated in transparent clay under active failure. A series of transparent clay model tests is performed to investigate the active failure mode, influence range, and support force of the shield tunneling face under different burial depth conditions, whereas particle flow code three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted to verify the failure mode of the shield tunneling face and surface settlement along the transverse section under different burial depth conditions. The results show that the engineering characteristics of transparent clay are similar to those of soft clay in Binhai, Tianjin and satisfy visibility requirements. Two types of failure modes are obtained: the overall failure mode (cover/diameter: / ≤1.0) and local failure mode ( / ≥2.0). The influence range of the transverse section is wider than that of the longitudinal section when / ≥2.0. Additionally, the normalized thresholds of the relative displacement and support force ratio are 3%–6% and 0.2–0.4, respectively. Owing to the cushioning effect of the clay layer, the surface settlement is significantly reduced as the tunnel burial depth increases.

关键词： shield tunneling face     stability     transparent clay     model test     numerical simulation    

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Sectional model test study on vortex-excited resonance of vehicle-bridge system of Shanghai Bridge over

Li ZHOU, Yaojun GE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 67-72 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0007-4

摘要： It is necessary to study how vehicles influence the vortex-excited resonance of vehicle-bridge systems, because lock-in wind speed is low and vortex-excited resonance is sensitive to any change in the main girder sections. Based on the Shanghai Bridge over the Yangtse River, the vortex-excited resonance of a 1∶60 scale sectional model was tested in a TJ-1wind tunnel, with or without vehicles at the attack angle of 0°, +3 and -3°, respectively. The conversion relationships between the resonant amplitudes of the sectional model and that of the prototype bridge were also established by mode shape correction. The result indicates that: 1) for the bridge with vehicles, the vertical vortex-excited resonance is accompanied by torsion vibration with the same frequency, and vice versa, 2) the amplitude of vortex-excited resonance of the bridge with vehicles is much larger than that of the bridge without vehicles, and 3) the lock-in wind speed of the vortex-excited resonance becomes smaller due to the disturbance of vehicles. It is obvious that vehicles bring about changes in the aerodynamic shape of the main girder. Therefore, the influence of vehicles on vortex-excited resonance performance of vehicle-bridge systems, in terms of both amplitude and mode, should not be ignored.

关键词： vehicle-bridge system     sectional mode     vortex-excited resonance     wind tunnel test     mode shape correction    

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Dynamic test and finite element model updating of bridge structures based on ambient vibration

HUANG Minshui, ZHU Hongping, LI Lin, GUO Wenzeng

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 139-144 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0028-4

摘要： The dynamic characteristics of bridge structures are the basis of structural dynamic response and seismic analysis, and are also an important target of health condition monitoring. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite-element model is first established for a highway bridge over a railroad on No.312 National Highway. Based on design drawings, the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are studied using finite element analysis and ambient vibration measurements. Thus, a set of data is selected based on sensitivity analysis and optimization theory; the finite element model of the bridge is updated. The numerical and experimental results show that the updated method is more simple and effective, the updated finite element model can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the bridge better, and it can be used to predict the dynamic response under complex external forces. It is also helpful for further damage identification and health condition monitoring.

关键词： numerical     effective     Highway     vibration     complex external    

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体内-体外混合配束节段预制拼装箱梁足尺模型试验研究

郑开启,卜红旗,刘钊,惠卓,吕志涛

《中国工程科学》 2013年 第15卷 第8期   页码 89-94

摘要：

以南京长江第四大桥引桥为背景，开展了一孔48 m跨径体内-体外混合配束节段预制拼装箱梁的足尺模型试验，以研究该类箱梁在正常使用阶段和施工状态下的结构行为。根据试验箱梁的尺寸参数以及实际约束条件确定了拼装与加载方案。本文重点研究正常使用荷载和梁上运梁两种工况下梁体应力状况与位移变化等结构静力性能，并与试验梁实体有限元模型进行对比分析。研究结果表明：在正常使用阶段，加、卸载后拼装梁体残余变形较小，基本处于弹性工作状态，整体性较好；键齿接缝两侧基本无相对滑移，接缝截面纵向应变沿梁高大致呈线性变化，力学行为基本符合平截面假定；体外预应力束在转向处基本无滑移，体内外预应力增量随跨中弯矩基本呈线性变化；在梁上运梁工况下，实测梁体下缘压应力储备充足，满足运梁安全性要求。

关键词： 节段预制拼装     模型试验     体外预应力     足尺试验    

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Model test of the group piles foundation of a high-speed railway bridge in mined-out area

Xin LIANG,Qian-gong CHENG,Jiu-jiang WU,Jian-ming CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 488-498 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0338-x

摘要： The research on the mechanism of pile-soil-cap-goaf interaction and settlement of high-speed railway bridge located in mined-out area is still relatively rare. By taking the pile group of Guanshandi bridge foundation in Hefei-Fuzhou high-speed railway as the prototype, a model test is carried out. According to the similarity theory, the similar constant is derived and the similar model material is determined. Meanwhile, three types of data including the bearing behavior of piles, and the settlement law, and soil among piles are investigated. It can be found that: the influence of goaf on the bearing capacity of pile is inversely to the loading degree, the larger of loading degree, the smaller impact of goaf on the bearing capacity. There is no negative side friction can been found in pile body and the degree of downward tendency for the barycenter of side friction layout is obvious for piles in goaf. Although the bearing ratio of soil resistance under cap is relatively large, the cap effect is suggested be ignored considering the characteristic of goaf. There is a maximum critical value for the uneven settlement of pile group in goaf, and when the value is reached, the uneven settlement stop growing anymore. In addition, the formula for calculating bearing capacity and settlement of pile group in goaf based on test results, theory analysis and related standard is established.

关键词： high-speed railway     mined-out areas     goaf     group piles foundation     physical model test     bearing capacity     settlement    

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DX桩承载特性的模型试验研究

李仲,张航,古源,南勇,陈立宏

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第1期   页码 86-89

摘要：

DX桩是近年兴起的新型变截面桩型，其独有的承力盘很好地改善了沉降问题。通过室内小比尺模型试验，得出DX桩承载力及沉降特性的相关规律，为DX桩承载机理的研究提供进一步的试验支持。试验主要采用应变片测量桩身受力情况，桩顶设置百分表测量沉降情况，加载装置采用砝码以及杠杆分级加载。试验主要为与直孔桩对比试验以及DX桩平行试验。试验结果证明DX桩在承载力和沉降方面都优于直孔桩；上盘承载力大于下盘，随桩顶荷载增大，下盘承载所占比重有所提高。

关键词： DX桩     模型试验     应变片     沉降    

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Centrifuge model test on dynamic behavior of group-pile foundation with inclined piles and its numerical

ZHANG Feng, OKAWA Katsunori, KIMURA Makoto

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 233-241 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0033-7

摘要： In this paper, dynamic behavior of a group-pile foundation with inclined piles in loose sand has been investigated with centrifuge model tests. The test results are also simulated with elastoplastic dynamic finite element method, in which, not only sectional force of piles, stress of ground, but also deformation of piles are calculated using a three-dimensional elastoplastic dynamic finite element analysis (Code name: DGPILE-3D). The numerical analyses are conducted with a full system in which a superstructure, a pile foundation and surrounding ground are considered together so that interaction between pile foundation and soils can be properly simulated because the nonlinearities of both the pile and the ground are described with suitable constitutive models. Different types of piles, vertical pile or inclined pile, are considered in order to verify the different characteristics of a group pile foundation with inclined piles. The validity of the calculation is verified by the model tests.

关键词： centrifuge     Different     three-dimensional elastoplastic     calculation     inclined    

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Fault evolution-test dependency modeling for mechanical systems

Xiao-dong TAN,Jian-lu LUO,Qing LI,Bing LU,Jing QIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第10期   页码 848-857 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500011

摘要： Tracking the process of fault growth in mechanical systems using a range of tests is important to avoid catastrophic failures. So, it is necessary to study the design for testability (DFT). In this paper, to improve the testability performance of mechanical systems for tracking fault growth, a fault evolution-test dependency model (FETDM) is proposed to implement DFT. A testability analysis method that considers fault trackability and predictability is developed to quantify the testability performance of mechanical systems. Results from experiments on a centrifugal pump show that the proposed FETDM and testability analysis method can provide guidance to engineers to improve the testability level of mechanical systems.

关键词： Mechanical systems     Design for testability (DFT)     Fault evolution-test dependency model (FETDM)    

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Model test of stone columns as liquefaction countermeasure in sandy soils

Mengfei QU,Qiang XIE,Xinwen CAO,Wen ZHAO,Jianjun HE,Jiang JIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 481-487 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0355-9

摘要： The shaking table model test was conducted to investigate earthquake resistant behavior of stone columns under the intensity of an earthquake resistance of buildings is VIII. The test results show that when acceleration is less than 0.20 g, composite foundation is not liquefied, settlement is also small and pile dislocation is not observed; when acceleration is 0.3g, ground outside embankment’s slope toe is liquefied and ground within stone column composite foundation is not. It is suggesting that reinforcement scale of stone column foundation should be widened properly. The designed stone column composite foundation meets the requirements for seismic resistance.

关键词： stone column composite foundation     seismic liquefaction     shaking table test    

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Liquefaction prediction using support vector machine model based on cone penetration data

Pijush SAMUI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 72-82 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0185-y

摘要： A support vector machine (SVM) model has been developed for the prediction of liquefaction susceptibility as a classification problem, which is an imperative task in earthquake engineering. This paper examines the potential of SVM model in prediction of liquefaction using actual field cone penetration test (CPT) data from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake. The SVM, a novel learning machine based on statistical theory, uses structural risk minimization (SRM) induction principle to minimize the error. Using cone resistance ( ) and cyclic stress ratio ( ), model has been developed for prediction of liquefaction using SVM. Further an attempt has been made to simplify the model, requiring only two parameters ( and maximum horizontal acceleration ), for prediction of liquefaction. Further, developed SVM model has been applied to different case histories available globally and the results obtained confirm the capability of SVM model. For Chi-Chi earthquake, the model predicts with accuracy of 100%, and in the case of global data, SVM model predicts with accuracy of 89%. The effect of capacity factor ( ) on number of support vector and model accuracy has also been investigated. The study shows that SVM can be used as a practical tool for prediction of liquefaction potential, based on field CPT data.

关键词： earthquake     cone penetration test     liquefaction     support vector machine (SVM)     prediction    

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Modified Bishop method for stability analysis of weakly sloped subgrade under centrifuge model test

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 727-741 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0730-z

摘要： The sliding forms of weak sloped and horizontal subgrades during the sliding process differ. In addition, the sliding form of weakly sloped subgrades exhibits considerable slippage and asymmetry. The accuracy of traditional slice methods for computing the stability safety factor of weakly sloped subgrades is insufficient for a subgrade design. In this study, a novel modified Bishop method was developed to improve the accuracy of the stability safety factor for different inclination angles. The instability mechanism of the weakly sloped subgrade was considered in the proposed method using the “influential force” and “additional force” concepts. The “additional force” reflected the weight effect of the embankment fill, whereas the “influential force” reflected the effect of the potential energy difference. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the advantages of the proposed modified Bishop method. Compared with the traditional slice method, the error between the proposed method and the exact value is less than 32.3% in calculating the safety factor.

关键词： weakly sloped subgrade     stability analysis     additional force     influential force     modified Bishop method    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Test-driven verification/validation of model transformations

László LENGYEL,Hassan CHARAF

期刊论文

Large-scale model test study on the water pressure resistance of construction joints of karst tunnel

期刊论文

Evaluation of potential failure of rock slope at the left abutment of Jinsha River Bridge by model test

Zhiming ZHAO, Xihua WANG

期刊论文

Centrifuge model test and field measurement analysis for foundation pit with confined water

Chunlin DING , Xiaohong MENG ,

期刊论文

Model test and discrete element method simulation of shield tunneling face stability in transparent clay

Huayang LEI, Yajie ZHANG, Yao HU, Yingnan LIU

期刊论文

Sectional model test study on vortex-excited resonance of vehicle-bridge system of Shanghai Bridge over

Li ZHOU, Yaojun GE

期刊论文

Dynamic test and finite element model updating of bridge structures based on ambient vibration

HUANG Minshui, ZHU Hongping, LI Lin, GUO Wenzeng

期刊论文

体内-体外混合配束节段预制拼装箱梁足尺模型试验研究

郑开启,卜红旗,刘钊,惠卓,吕志涛

期刊论文

Model test of the group piles foundation of a high-speed railway bridge in mined-out area

Xin LIANG,Qian-gong CHENG,Jiu-jiang WU,Jian-ming CHEN

期刊论文

DX桩承载特性的模型试验研究

李仲,张航,古源,南勇,陈立宏

期刊论文

Centrifuge model test on dynamic behavior of group-pile foundation with inclined piles and its numerical

ZHANG Feng, OKAWA Katsunori, KIMURA Makoto

期刊论文

Fault evolution-test dependency modeling for mechanical systems

Xiao-dong TAN,Jian-lu LUO,Qing LI,Bing LU,Jing QIU

期刊论文

Model test of stone columns as liquefaction countermeasure in sandy soils

Mengfei QU,Qiang XIE,Xinwen CAO,Wen ZHAO,Jianjun HE,Jiang JIN

期刊论文

Liquefaction prediction using support vector machine model based on cone penetration data

Pijush SAMUI

期刊论文

Modified Bishop method for stability analysis of weakly sloped subgrade under centrifuge model test

期刊论文